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|leader_title4 = Assemblymembers〔 |leader_name4 = |unit_pref = US |area_footnotes = 〔 |total_type = City |area_total_sq_mi = 179.97 |area_total_km2 = 466.109 |area_land_sq_mi = 176.526 |area_land_km2 = 457.201 |area_water_sq_mi = 3.439 |area_water_km2 = 8.908 |area_water_percent = 1.91 |area_urban_footnotes = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2014 U.S. Gazetteer Files - Urban Areas )〕 |area_urban_sq_mi = 286.113 |area_urban_km2 = 741.03 |area_metro_sq_mi = 2694.61 |area_metro_km2 = 6979 |elevation_footnotes = 〔 |elevation_m = 25 |elevation_max_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = 2125 |elevation_min_footnotes = 〔 |elevation_min_ft = 0 |density_as_of = 2010 |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_as_of = July 1, 2014 |population_footnotes = 〔()〕 |population_total = 1015785 |population_rank = 1st in Santa Clara County 3rd in California〔 10th in the United States |population_urban = 1,894,388 (29th) |population_metro = 1,952,872 (34th) |population_blank1_title = CSA |population_blank1 = 8,607,423 (5th) |population_note = |population_demonym = San Josean |timezone = Pacific Time Zone |utc_offset = −8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 95002, 95101, 95103, 95106, 95108–95113, 95115–95141, 95148, 95150–95161, 95164, 95170, 94172, 95173, 95190–95194, 95196〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ZIP Code(tm) Lookup )〕 |area_code_type = Area codes |area_code = 408/669 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = , |website = |footnotes = }} San Jose (pronounced IPA: ; Spanish for ''Saint Joseph''), sometimes spelled San José, is the third-largest city by population in California, the tenth-largest by population in the United States,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=American FactFinder )〕 and the county seat of Santa Clara County. San Jose is the largest city within the Bay Area and the largest city in Northern California. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San José was inhabited by the Ohlone people. San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as ''San José de Guadalupe'', the first civilian town in the Spanish colony of Alta California. The city served as a farming community to support Spanish military installations at San Francisco and Monterey. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose served as its first capital. After more than 150 years as a small farming community, the San Jose area in the mid-20th century contained some of the last undeveloped land near San Francisco Bay. It then began to experience rapid population growth, much of it coming from veterans returning from World War II. San Jose then continued its aggressive expansion during the 1950s and 1960s by annexing more land area. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center to an urbanized metropolitan area. By the 1990s, San Jose's location within the booming local high tech industry earned the city the nickname "Capital of Silicon Valley". San Jose is now considered to be a global city,〔(【引用サイトリンク】The World According to GaWC )〕 and notable for its affluence〔Sankin, A. (2012). ("America's Richest Cities: San Jose Tops List With Highest Median Household Income" ). ''Huffington Post''. Retrieved August 16, 2013〕〔Hsu, T. (September 20, 2012). ("America's richest cities: Census say San Jose, San Francisco" ). ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved August 16, 2013.〕〔Glink, I. (February 22, 2013). ("America's Richest Cities in 2013." ). Yahoo Finance. Retrieved August 16, 2013〕〔Bass, F., Homan, T. (October 18, 2011). ("Beltway Earnings Make US Capital Richer Than Silicon Valley" ). Bloomberg. Retrieved August 16, 2013.〕 and high cost of living.〔Zeveloff, J. (February 14, 2013). ("The 10 Most Expensive Cities in the United States" ). Daily Finance. Retrieved August 16, 2013〕 The U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population of the city to be 1,015,785 as of July 1, 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Ten U.S. Cities Now Have 1 Million People or More; California and Texas Each Have Three of These Places )〕 ==History== (詳細はOhlone Native Americans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Early History )〕 The first lasting European presence began with a series of Franciscan missions established from 1769 by Father Junípero Serra. On orders from Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa, Spanish Viceroy of New Spain, San Jose was founded by Lieutenant José Joaquín Moraga as ''Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe'' (in honor of Saint Joseph) on November 29, 1777, to establish a farming community. The town was the first civil settlement in Alta California In 1797, the pueblo was moved from its original location, near the present-day intersection of Guadalupe Parkway and Taylor Street, to a location in what is now Downtown San Jose. San Jose came under Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico broke with the Spanish crown. It then became part of the United States, after it capitulated in 1846 and California was annexed.〔 On March 27, 1850, San Jose became the second incorporated city in the state (after Sacramento), with Josiah Belden its first mayor. San Jose was California's first State capital, and hosted the first and second sessions (1850–1851) of the California Legislature. Today the Circle of Palms Plaza in downtown is the historical marker for the first state capital. The city was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route. In the period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by Prof. John Montgomery and his peers. The City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor. Though not affected as severely as San Francisco, San Jose also suffered much damage from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Over 100 people died at the Agnews Asylum (later Agnews State Hospital) after its walls and roof collapsed,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Agnews Insane Asylum )〕 and the San Jose High School's three-story stone-and-brick building was also destroyed. The period during World War II was a tumultuous time. Japanese Americans primarily from Japantown were sent to internment camps, including the future mayor, Norman Mineta. Following the Los Angeles zoot suit riots, anti-Mexican violence took place during the summer of 1943. In 1940, the Census Bureau reported San Jose's population as 98% white.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=U.S. Census Bureau )〕 As World War II started, the city's economy shifted from agriculture (the Del Monte cannery was the largest employer) to industrial manufacturing with the contracting of the Food Machinery Corporation (later known as FMC Corporation) by the United States War Department to build 1000 Landing Vehicle Tracked. After World War II, FMC (later United Defense, and currently BAE Systems) continued as a defense contractor, with the San Jose facilities designing and manufacturing military platforms such as the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier, the Bradley Fighting Vehicle, and various subsystems of the M1 Abrams battle tank. IBM established its West Coast headquarters in San Jose in 1943 and opened a downtown research and development facility in 1952. Both would prove to be harbingers for the economy of San Jose, as Reynold Johnson and his team would later invent RAMAC, as well as the Hard disk drive, and the technological side of San Jose's economy grew.〔Winslow, Ward (editor); ''The Making of Silicon Valley: a One Hundred Year Renaissance''; 1995; ISBN 0-9649217-0-7〕 The Ford Motor Company relocated its factory in Richmond to a new location in the suburb of Milpitas, called the San Jose Assembly Plant which was one of the primary locations for manufacturing the Ford Mustang. During the 1950s and 1960s, city manager A. P. "Dutch" Hamann led the city in a major growth campaign. The city annexed adjacent areas, such as Alviso and Cambrian Park, providing large areas for suburbs. An anti-growth reaction to the effects of rapid development emerged in the 1970s championed by mayors Norman Mineta and Janet Gray Hayes. Despite establishing an urban growth boundary, development fees, and incorporations of Campbell and Cupertino, development was not slowed, but rather directed into already incorporated areas.〔 The official name of the city remains ''City of San Jose'' with no diacritical mark, according to the City Charter. The city's website appears to use a mixture of both; for example, the "City of San José" in the text uses the mark but the "City of San Jose" logo image does not.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=San Jose CA, Official website )〕 San Jose's position in Silicon Valley triggered further economic and population growth. Results from the 1990 U.S. Census indicated that San Jose surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in the Bay Area for the first time. This growth led to the highest housing costs increase in the nation, 936% between 1976 and 2001.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=San Jose case study, part one: the urban-growth boundary )〕 Efforts to increase density continued into the 1990s when an update of the 1974 urban plan kept the urban growth boundaries intact and voters rejected a ballot measure to ease development restrictions in the foothills. Sixty percent of the housing built in San Jose since 1980 and over three-quarters of the housing built since 2000 have been multifamily structures, reflecting a political propensity toward Smart Growth planning principles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Building Permit History, 1980–2006 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Jose, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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